Table 4

Background and Teaching and Computer Experiences

of Exemplary and Other Computer-Using Teachers

Background and Experience Variables	Stand-ardized difference (Effect Size)	Exem-plary Teachers^a	Other Teachers^a	M A T H^b	S C I^b	E N G L^b	E L E M^b
Hours per week teacher personally uses computer at school	+.71	3.7	1.7	+	++		+
Teacher has had formal instruction about computers and teaching with computers (number of topics out of 5)	+.53	1.6	1.0	++	+	–	+
Sex of teacher (male)	+.50	47%	25%	–	++	+
Advanced degrees and credits (index: BA=2; MA=5)	+.49	5.0	4.2	++	++
Undergraduate major in liberal arts	+.47	63%	40%		+	+
Years experience teaching this subject (secondary only)	+.41	14.7	11.5	++	+	–
Years used computers in teaching	+.37	4.0	3.2	++
Teacher’s computer technical skills index (self-report)	+.37	55	45				++
Teacher learned about computers and about teaching with computers on their own (number of topics out of 5)	+.28	1.5	1.2		+	+++
Hours per week teacher uses computer outside of school (e.g., at home)	+.05	2.5	2.3			+

^a Mean for those teachers’ environments; or percentage of teachers where for each teachers where, for each teacher, response is either “yes” or “no.” ^b + and – indicate approximate magnitude of effect sizes (ES): + indicates 0.5 < ES < 1.0; ++ indicates 1.0 < ES < 1.5; and +++ indicates ES ³ 1.5. Minus signs indicate ES below zero in same amount.